Happy Christmas (War is Over)

This was the seventh single release by John Lennon outside his work with the Beatles. The song reached number four in the UK, where its release was delayed until November 1972, and has periodically re-emerged on the UK Singles Chart, most notably after Lennon's murder in December 1980, when it peaked at number two. Also a protest song against the Vietnam War, "Happy Christmas (War Is Over)" has since become a Christmas standard, frequently recorded by other artists, appearing on compilation albums of seasonal music. In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted tenth on the ITV television special The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song.

Happy Christmas (War Is Over) was the culmination of more than two years of peace activism undertaken by John and Yoko that began with the bed-ins they convened in March and May 1969, the first of which took place during their honeymoon. The song's direct antecedent was an international multimedia campaign launched by the couple in December 1969 – at the height of the counterculture movement and its protests against America's involvement in the Vietnam War. This primarily consisted of renting billboard space in 12 major cities around the world for the display of black-and-white posters that declared "WAR IS OVER! If You Want It – Happy Christmas from John & Yoko”. Recognising the accessibility and popular appeal that made his 1971 single Imagine a commercial success compared to the other songs he had released up to that point, Lennon concluded, "Now I understand what you have to do: Put your political message across with a little honey.” He conceived Happy Christmas (War Is Over) as a means of elaborating upon the themes of social unity and peaceful change enacted through personal accountability and empowerment that served as the basis of the earlier billboard campaign, trying to convey optimism while avoiding the sentimentality that he felt often characterised Christmas songs.

Over the years, Happy Christmas (War Is Over) has been reissued in a number of single formats by Capitol, Geffen and Parlophone records, sometimes in conjunction with the release of albums collecting Lennon's work. It has also appeared on compilations of Christmas songs, notably those from the Now That's What I Call Music! series. Other versions of this song appear on Christmas albums released by artists, such as Andy Williams, Neil Diamond and Diana Ross. In December 2018, Miley Cyrus and Mark Ronson recorded a version of the song featuring Lennon's son, Sean Ono Lennon.